Home
Meet Dr. Zilberter
How it started
The prototype
Reflexo-therapy
The bed of nails
Self-acupuncture?
Hypotheses
Research overview
Cases
Research in the US
Pilot study
Theory
Why Endorphins
Endorphin effects
Diseases connection
Clinical Trials
Medical conditions
How to use
Stress
Pain
Energy
Impotence
Weight loss
Women's health
Success Stories
References
Disclaimer

 

Endorphins: Conclusion and References

Endorphins act to co-ordinate many of physiological functions to alter the general state of the body, for example, it can happen trough inhibiting sympathetic nervous system tone (19). As in many other cases of regulation but not direct control, endorphins tend to return a physiological function to normal: they usually increase body temperature, but decrease it during fever or during menopausal hot flashes (101, 57, 53). They decrease blood pressure, only if it is elevated, not in normals (10, 104, 86). Endorphins have been shown to fulfill universal adaptogenous role," ...in regulation of precise conformity among homeostasis, behavior, and variable environment " ( 88).

We recruited all this scientific literature reinforcement to advocate for only two of healing modalities that even after several decades of victorious (though geographically rather local) use can be still considered emerging. Lacking in serious scientific interest is harming for many of potentially beneficial methods. For example, Buteyko breathing technique has been announced a medical quackery by The Quack Watch Website. On the other hand, avid proponents of the se two methods have never attempted a broader theoretical approach which hopefully can help in their acceptance by the medical and health conscious communities.

References

1. Agmo, A., Berebfeld, R. Reinforcing properties of ejaculation in the male rat : role of opioids and dopamine. Behavioral Neuroscience. 104(1) :177-82, 1990

2. Ahmed, M.S., Cemerikis, B., Agbas, A. Properties and functions of human placental opioid system. Life Sciences. 50 (2) : 83-97, 1992.

3. Akiyama, Y. Role of endogenous opioids in respiratory control system and dyspnea sensation in healthy adult humans. Hokkaido Igaku Zasshi-Hokkaido Journal of Medical Science. 67(1); 131-40, 1992

4. Akiyama, Y., Nishimura, M., Suzuki, A., Yamamoto, M., Kishi, F., Kawakami, Y. Naloxone increases ventilatory response to hypercapnic hypoxia in healthy adult humans. American Review of Respiratory Disease. 142(2) :301-5, 1990

5. Bajorek, J.G., Lee, R.J., Lomax, P. Neuropeptides: anticonvulsant and convulsant mechanisms in epileptic model system and in humans. Advances in Neurology. 44 :489-500, 1986.

6. Baranowska, B. Are disturbances in opioid and adrenergic system involved in the hormonal dysfunction of anorexia nervosa? Psychoneuroendocrinology. 15(5-6) :371-9, 1990.

7. Benoliel, J.J., Mauborgne, A., Ledrang, Jr., Hamon, M., Cesselin, F. Opioid control of the in vitro release of cholecystokinin-like material from the rat substantia nigra. Journal of Neurochemistry. 58(3) : 916-22, 1992

8. Bergmann, F. The role of endogenous opioid peptides in physiological and pharmacological reward responses--a survey of present-day knowledge. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences. 23(I-2) : 8-11, 1987

9. Berlowitz, D., Denehy, L., Johns, D.P., Bish, R.M., Walters, E/H. The Buteyko asthma breathing technique. Medical Journal of Australia. 162(1):53, 1995

10. Bjorntorp, P. Effects of physical training on blood pressure in hypertension. European Heart Journal. 8 Suppl B :71-6, 1987

11. Borer, K.T., Nicoski, D.R., Owens, V. Alteration of pulsatile growth hormone secretion by growth-inducing exercise: involvement of endogenous opiates and somatostatin. Endocrinology. 118(2) :844-50, 1986

12. Brown, R., King, Mg., Husband, A.J. Sleep deprivation-induced hyperthermia following antigen challenge due to opioid but not interleukin-1 involvement. Physiology & Behavior. 51(4) :767-70, 1992

13. Bruhn, .TO., Tresco, P.A., Mueller, G.P., Jackson, I.M. Beta-endorphin mediates clonidine stimulated growth hormone release. Neuroendocrinology. 50(4) :460-3, 1989

14. Brunetti, L. Molecular basis of the communication of the nervous and immune system. Clinica Terapeutica. 136(5) :301-20, 1991

15. Bullard, D.E. Diencephalic seizures: responsiveness to bromocriptine and morphine. Annals of Neurology. 21(6) : 609-11, 1987

16. Cagampang, F.R., Maeda, K.I., Tsukamura, H., Ohkura, S., Ota, K. Involvement of ovarian steroids and endogenous opioids in the fasting-induced suppression of pulsatile LH release in ovariectomized rats. Journal of Ehdocrinology. 129(3) : 321-8, 1991

17. Cagnacci, A., Bonuccelli, U., Mels, G.B., Soldani, R., Piccini, P., Napolitano, A., Muratorio, A., Fioretti, P. Effect of naloxone on body temperature in postmenopausal women with Parkinson's disease. Life Sciences. 46(17) :1241-7, 1990.

18. Casper, R.F. Disorders of the hypothalamic pulse generator : insufficient or inappropriate gonadotropin-releasing hormone release. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology. 33(3) : 611-21, 1990

19. Casper, R.F., Yen, S.S. Neuroendocrinology of menopausal flushes: an hypotesis of flush mechnism. Apr 12 18:28 1995

20. Champeroux, P., Brisac, A.M., Laurent, S., Schmitt, H. Endogenous opiate system and dihydropyridine-induced central regulation of sympathetic tone in rats. European Journal of Pharmacology. 158(1-2) : 157-60, 1988

21. Chiodera, P., Coiro, V. Endogenous opioid mediation of somatostatin inhibition of arginine vasopressin release evoked by insulin-induced hypoglykemia in man. Journal of Neural Transmission-General Section. 83(1-2) : 121-6, 1991.

22. Cochen, M.R., Pickar, D., Cochen, R.M., Wise, T.N., Cooper, J.N. Plasma cortisol and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in human obesity. Psychosomatic Medicine, 46(5) :454-62, 1984

23. Davis, J.M., Lamb, D.R., Vim, G.K., Malven, P.V. Opioid modulation of feeding behavior following repeated exposure to forced swimming exercise in male rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Bechavior. 23(5) : 709-14, 1985

24. De Marinis L. Mancini A. D,Amico C. Sambo P. Tofani A. La Brocca A. Barbarino A. ( Role of endogenous opioids in the modulation of hypophyseal hormone secretion.) (Review) (Italian) Minerva Medica. 81(1-2) :5-14, 1990 Jan- Feb.

25. De Meirleir, K., Arentz, T., Hollmann, W., Vanhaelst, L. The role of endogenous opiates in thermal regulation of the body during exercise. British Medical Journal Clinical Research Ed. 290(6470) :739-40, 1985

26. Della Bella, D., Carenzi, A., Frigeni, V., Reggiani, A., Zambon, A. Involvement of monoaminergic and peptidergic components in cathinone-induced analgesia. European Journal of Pharmacology. 114(2) : 231-4, 1985

27. Dmitriev, A.D, Kizim, E.A., Smirnova, M.B., Shcheglova, I.D., Ugolev, A.M. The endorphins of the epithelial and subepithelial structures of the rat small intestine and the evolutionary hypotheses of the formation of the mechanisms of the negative regulation of their synthesis. Zhurnal Evoliutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii. 27(6) :701-11, 1991

28. Dooley, C.P., Saad, C., Valenzuel,a J.E. Studies of the role of opioids in control of human pancreatic secretion. Digestive Diseases & Sciences. 33(5) :598-604, 1988

29. Drake, C.T., Terman, G.W., Simmons, M.L., Milner, T.A., Kunkel, D.D., Schwartzkroin, P.A., Chavkin, C. Dynorphin opioids present in dentate granule cells may function as retrograde inhibitory neurotransmitters. Journal of Neuroscience. 14(6) : 3736-50, 1994

30. Duarte, I.D., Ferreira-Alves, D.L., Nakamura-Craig, M. Possible participation of endogenous opioid peptides on the mechanism involved in analgesia induced by vouacapan. Life Sciences. 50(12) : 891-7, 1992.

31. Duggan, A.W. Pharmacology of descending control systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Sotiety of London- Series B: Biologycal Sciences. 308(1136) :375-91, 1985

32. el-Tayeb, K.M., Brubaker, P.L., Cook, E., Vranic, M. Effect of opiate-receptor blockade on normoglycemic and hypoglycemic glucoregulation. American Journal of Physiology. 250 (3 Pt 1): E236-42, 1986

33. Endo, Y., Jinnai, K., Kimura, F. The roles of endogenous opioids in the inhibitory action of the hippocampus on preovulatory luteinizing hormone in rats. Endocrinologia Japonica. 37(4) : 535-43, 1990

34. Eriksson, S.V., Lundeberg, T., Lundeberg, S. Interaction of diazepam and naloxone on acupuncture induced pain relief. American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 19(1) :1-7, 1991.

35. Facchinetti ,F., Martignoni, E., Sola, D., Petraglia, F., Nappi, G., Genazzani, A.R. Transient failure of central opioid tonus and premenstrual symptoms. Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 33(7) :633-8, 1988

36. Facchinetti, F., Genazzani, A.D., Martignoni, E., Fiorini, L., Sances, G., Genazzani, A.R. Neuroendocrine correlates of premenstrual syndrom: changes in the pulsatile pattern of plasma LH. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 15(4) :269-77, 1990.

37. Farrell, P.A., Gustafson, A.B., Garthwaite, T.L., Kalkhoff, R.K., Cowley, A.W. Jr., Morgan, W.P. Influence of endogenous opioids on the response of selected hormones to exercise in humans. Jourmal of Applied Physiology. 61(3): 1051-7, 1986

38. Fiatarone, M.A., Morley, J.E., Bloom, E.T., Benton, D., Makinodan, T., Solomon, G.F. Endogenous opioids and the exercise-induced augmentation of natural killer cell activity Journal of Laboratory & Clinical Medicine. 112(5) :544-52, 1988

39. Fuenmayor, N., Cubeddu, L. Cardiovascular and endocrine effects of naloxone compared in normotensive and hypertensive patients. European Journal of Pharmacology. 126(3) :189-97, 1986

40. Gamble, G.D., Milne, R.J. Hypercapnia depresses nociception: endogenous opioids implicated. Brain Research. 514(2) ;198-205, 1990

41. Garris, P.A., Ben-Jonathan, N. Regulation of dopamine in vitro from the posterior pituitary by opioid peptides. Neuroendocrinology. 52(4) : 399-404, 1990 Oct.

42. Gil-Ad, I., Dickerman, Z., Amdursky, S., Laron, Z. Diurnal rhythm of plasma beta endorphin, cortisol and growth hormone in schizophrenics as compared to control subjects. Psychopharmacology. 88(4) :496-9, 1986.

43. Giugliano, D., Salvatore, T., Cozzolino, D., Ceriello, A,. Torella, R., D'Onofrio, F. Hyperglycemia and obesity as determinants of glucose, insulin, and glucagon responses to beta-endorphin in human diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 64(6) : 1122-8,1987

44. Gordon, C.J., Rezvani, A.H., Heath, J.E. Role of beta-endorphin in the control of body temperature in tha rabbit. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 8(1) :73-82, 1984 Spring.

45. Grossman, A., Sutton, J.R. Endorphins: what are they? How are they measured? What is their role in exercise?. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 17(1) :74-81, 1985

46. Gunion, M.W., Peters, R.H. Pituitary beta-endorphin, naloxone, and feeding in several experimental obesities. American Journal of Phsiology. 241(3) :R173-84, 1981

47. Gwosdow, A.R., Besch, E.L. Adrenal and thyroid interactions of beta-endorphin-induced body temperature responses of rats at 24,5 degfrees C. Proceedings of the Sotiety for Experimental Biology & Medicine. i78(3) :412-8, 1985

48. Han, J.S., Zhang, R.L. Suppression of morphine abstinence syndrome by body electroacupuncture of different frequencies in rats. Drug & Alcohol Dependence. 31 (2) : 169-75, 1993

49. Handler, C.M., Geller, E.B., Adler , M.W. Effect of mu-, kappa-, and delta-selective opioid agonists on thermoregulation in the rat. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior. 43(4) :1209-16, 1992

50. Harber, V.J., Sutton, J.R., Endorphins and exercise. Sports Medicine. 1(2): 154-71, 1984

51. Harbour, D.V., Galin, F.S., Hughes, T.K., Smith, E.M., Blalock, J.E. Role of leukocyte-derived pro-opiomelanocortin peptides in endotoxic shock. Circulatori Shock. 35(3) :181-91. 1991

52. Heijnen, C.J., Kavelaars, A. The contribution of neuroendocrine sudstances to the immune response. Netherlands Journal of Medicine. 39(3-4) :281-94, 1991

53. Hinton, E.R., Taylor, S. Does placebo response mediate runner's high?. Perceptual & Motor Skills. 62(3) :789-90, 1986

54. Ho, S.B., DeMaster, E.G., Shafer, R.B., Levine, A.S., Morley, J.E., Go, V.L., Allen, J.I. Opiate antagonist nalmefene inhibits ethanol-induced flushing in Asians: a preliminary study. Alcoholism, Clinical & Experimental Research. 12(5) :705-12, 1988 Oct.

55. Hoebel, B.G. Brain neurotransmitters in food and drug reward. [Review]. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 42(5 Suppl) :1133-50, 1985

56. Introini-Collison, I.B., Baratti, C.M. Opioid peptidergic system modulate the activity of beta-adrenergic mechanisms during memory consolidation processes. Behavioral & Neural Biology. 46(2) :227-41, 1986

57. Jankovic, B.D., Radulovic, J. Enkephalins, brain and immunity: modulation of immune responses by methionine-enkephalin injected into the cerebral cavity. International Journal of Neuroscience. 67(1-4) :241-70, 1992 58. Kapas, L., Benedek, G., Penke, B. Cholecystokinin interferes with the thermoregulatory effect of exogenous and endogenous opioids. Neuropeptides. 14(2) :85-92, 1989

59. Katama, K., Yoshida, S., Kameyama, T. Antagonism of footshock stress-induced inhibition of intracranial self-stimulation by naloxone or methamphetamine. Brain Research. 317(1) :197-200, 1986

60. Kaye, W,H., Pickar, D., Naber, D., Ebert, M.H. Cerebrospinal fluid opioid activity in anorexia nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry. 139(5) :643-5, 1982

61. Kehoe, P., Blass, E.M. Behaviorally functional opioid system in infant rats: 11. Evidence for pharmacological, physiological, and psychological mediation of pain and stress. Behavioral Neuroscience. 100 (5) : 624-30, 1986

62. Khawaja, X.Z., Bailey, C.J., Green, I.C. Central mu, delta, and kappa opioid binding sites, and brain and pituitary beta-endorphin and met-enkephalinin genetically obese (ob/ob) and lean mice. Life Sciences. 44(16) : 1097-105, 1989.

63. Kita, T., Kikuchi, Y., Oomori, K., Nagata, I. Effects of opioid peptides on the tumoricidal activity of spleen cells from nude mice with or without tumors. Cancer Detection & Prevention. 16(4) :211-4, 1992.

64. Kiyatkin, E.A. Nociceptive sensitivity/behavioral reactivity regulation in rats during aversive states of different nature: its mediation by opioid peptides. International Journal of Neuroscience. 44(1-2) :91-110, 1989

65. Levine, A.S., Morley, J.E., Gosnell, B,A., Billington, C.J., Bartness, T.J. Opioids and consummatory behavior. Brain Research Bulltin. 14(6) :663-72, 1985

66. Lissoni, P., Esposti, D., Esposti, G., Mauri, R., Resentini, M., Morabito, F., Fumagalli, P., Santogostino, A., Delitala, G., Frashini, F. A clinical study on the relationship between the pineal gland and the opioid system. Journal of Neural Transmission. 65(2) : 63-73, 1986.

67. Llewe, G., Schneider, U., Krause, U., Beyer, J. Naloxone increases the response of growth hormone and prolactin to stimuli in obese humans. Juornal of Endocrinological Investigation. 10(2) :137-41, 1987

68. Locatelli, A., Spotti, D., Caviezel, F. The regulation of insulin and glucogon secretion by opiates: a study with naloxone in healthy humans. Acta Diabetologica Latina. 22(1): 25-31, 1985

69. Lou, H.C., Tweed, W.A., Davis, J.M. Endogenous opioids may protect the perinatal brain in hypoxia. Developmental Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 13(2-4) :129-33, 1989.

70. Louisy, F., Guezennec, C.Y., Lartigue, M., Aldigier, J.C., Galen, F.X. Influence of endogenous opioids on atrial natriuretic factor release during exercise in man.

71. Luu, M., Boureau, F. Acupuncture in pain therapy : current concepts. Therapeutishe Umschau. 46(8) : 518-25, 1989

72. Lysle, D.T., Luecken, L.J., Maslonek, K.A. Modulation of immune status by a conditioned aversive stimulus: evidence for the involvement of endogenous opoids. Brain, behavior, & Immunity. 6(2) :179-88, 1992

73. Maestroni, G.J., Conti ,A. The pineal neurohormone melatonin stimulates activated CD4+, Thy-1+cells to release opioid agonist (s) with immunoenhancing and anti-stress properties. Journal of Neuroimmunology. 28 (2) : 167-76, 1990

74. Martensz, N.D., Vellucci, S.V., Kenerve, E.B., Herbert, J. Beta-Endorphin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of male talapoin monkeys in social groups related to dominance status and the luteinizing hormone response to naxone. Neuroscience. 18(3) ; 651-8,1986

75. McCubbin, J.A., Kaplan, J.R., Manuck, S.B., Adams, M.R. Opioidergic inhibition of circulatory and endocrine stress responses in cynomolgus monkeys: a preliminary study. Psychosomatic Medicine. 55(1) :23-8 1993

76. McGinty, J.F., Kanamatsu, T., Obie, J., Hong, J.S. Modulation of opioid peptide metabolism by seizures: differentiation of opioid subclasses. NIDA Research Monograph Series. 71 :89-101, 1986.

77. McLaughlin, C.L., Baile, C.A., Della-Fera, M.A. Meal-stimulated increased concentrations of beta-endorphin in the hypothalamus of Zuker obese and lean rats. Physiology & Bechavior. 35(6) : 891-6, 1985

78. Mediratta, P.K., Das, N., Gupta, V.S., Sen, P. Modulation of humoral immune responses by endogenous opioids Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 81(1) :27-32, 1988

79. Millan, M.J., Czlonkowski, A., Pilcher, C.W., Almeida, O.F., Millan, M.N., Colpaert, F.C., Herz, A. A model of chronic pain in the rat: functional correlates of alterationsin the activity of opioid systems. Journal of Neuroscience. 7(1) : 77-87, 1987

80. Millan, M.J., Millan, M.N., Reid, L.D., Herz, A. The role of the mediobasal arcuate hypothalamus in relation to opioid systems in the control of ingestive behavior in the rat. Brain Reserch. 381(1) :29-42, 1986

81. Mills, I.H. The neuronal basis of compulsive behavior in anorexia nervosa. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 19(2-3) :231-5, 1985

82. Mitchell, J.B., Gratton, A. Opioid modulation and sensitization of dopamine release elicited by sexually relevant stimuli : a high speed in freely behaving rats. Brain Research. 551 (1-2), 1991

83. Mooring, F.J., Hughes, G.S. Jr., Johnsrude, I.S. Role of beta-endorphins in analgesia associated with reactrive hyperemia. Investigative Radiology. 20(3) : 293-6, 1985

84. Morel, G., Pelletier, G. Endorphinic neurons are contacting the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons in the rat brain. Peptides. 7(6) : 1197-9, 1986

85. Morgan, W.P. Affective beneficence of vigorous physical activiti. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise. 17(1) :94-100. 1985

86. Mosqueda-Garcia, R., Eskay, R., Zamir, N., Palkovits, M., Kunos G. Opioid-mediated cardiovascular effects of clonidine in spontaneously hypertensive rats: elimination by neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate. Endocrinology. 118(5) :1814-22, 1986

87. Murakami, Y., Kato, Y., Koshiyama, H., Inoue, T., Ishikawa, Y., Imura ,H. Involvement of alpha-adrenergic and GABAergic mechanisms in growth hormone secretion induced by central somatostatin in rats. Brain Research. 407(2) :405-8,

88. Nieber, K., Oehme, P. Stress and the endogenous opioid system. III. Classification of the opioid system in the process of adaptation. Zeitschrift fur die Gesamte Innere Madizin und Ihre Grenzgebiete.40(5) :133-6, 1985

89. Okajiama, S., Okajima, T., Kato, K., Ibayashi, H. Effect of taurine on growth hormone and prolactin secretion in rats: possible interaction with opioid peptidergic system. Life Sciences. 43(10) :807-12, 1988.

90. Oleson, D.R., Johnson, D.R. Regulation of human natural cytotoxicity by enkephalins and selective opiate agonists. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity. 2(3) :171-86, 1988

91. Otake, K., Kondo, K., Oiso, Y. Possible involvement of endogenous opioid peptides in the arginine vasopressin release by gamma-aminobutyric acid in conscious rats. Neuroendocrinology. 54(2) :170-4, 1991

92. Paredes, R.G., Manero, M.C., Haller, A.E., Alvarado, R., Agmo, A. Sexual behavior enhances postictal depression in kindled rats: opioid involvement. Behavioral Brain Reserch. 52(2) :175-82, 1992

93. Parrot, R.F., Thornton, S.N. Opioid influences on pituitary function in sheep under basal conditions and during psychological stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 14(6) ;451-9, 1989.

94. Pasotti, D., Mazzone, A., Lecchini, S., Frigo, G.M., Ricevuti, G. The effect of opioid peptides on periphenal blood granulocytes. Rivista Europea Per Le Science Medicine e Farmacologiche. 15(2) :71-81, 1993

95. Pedersen, B.K., Tvede, N. The immune system and physical training. Ugeskrift for Laeger. 155(12) :856-62, 1993

96. Petraglia, F., Vale, W., Rivier, C. Beta- endorphin and dynorphin participate in the stress-induced release of prolactin in the rat. Neuroendocrinology. 45(5) ; 338-42, 1987

97. Petrozzino, J.J., Scardella, A.T, Santiago, T.V., Edelman, N.H. Dichloroacetate blocks endogenous opioid effects during inspiratory flow-resistive loading. Journal of Applied Phisiology. 72(2) : 590-6, 1992

98. Preiffer, A., Herz, A. Endocrine actions of opioids. Hormone & Metabolic research. 16(8) :386-97, 1984

99. Przewlocka, B., Sumova, A., Lason, W. The influence of conditioned fear-induced stress on the opioid system in the rat. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior. 37(4) : 661-6, 1990

100. Przewlocki, R., Hassan, A.N., Lason, W., Epplen, C., Herz, A., Stein, C. Gene expression and localization of opioid peptides in immune cells of inflamed tissue : functional role in antinociception. Neuroscience. 48(2) :491-500, 1992.

101. Ray, A., Mediratta, P.K., Sen, P. Modulation by naltrexone of stress-induced changes in humoral immune responsiveness and gastric mucosal integrity in rats. Physiology & Behavior. 51(2) :293-6, 1992

102. Rebar, R.W., Spitzer, I.B. The physiology and measurement of hot flushes. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 156(5) : 1284-8, 1987

103. Robert, J.J., Orosco, M., Rouch, C., Jacquot, C., Cohen, Y. Effects of opiate agonists and an antagonist on food intake and brain neurotransmitters in normophagic and obese "cafeteria" rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Bechavior. 34(3) :577-83, 1989

104. Rosella-Dampman, L.M., Emmert, S.E., Keil, L.C., Summy-Long, J.Y. Differential effects of naloxone on the release of neurohypophysial hormones in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brain Research. 325(1-2) :205-14, 1985

105. Sagrillo, C.A., Voogt ,J.L. Endogenous opioids mediate the nocturnal prolactin surge in the pregnant rat. Endocrinology. 129 (2) : 925-30, 1991

106. Schafer, M., Carter, L., Stein, C. Interleukin 1 beta and corticotropin-releasing factor inhibit pain by releasing opioids from immune cells in inflamed tissue. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America. 91(10) : 4219-23, 1994

107. Schmauss, C., Emrich, H.M. Dopamine and the action of opiates: a reevaluation of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. With special consideration of the role of endogenous opioids in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry. 20 (11) ;1211-31, 1985

108. Segal, B.S., Inman, J.D., Moss, I.R. Respiratory responses of piglets to hypercapnia during postnatal development: effects of opioids. Pediatric Pulmonology. 11(2) ;113-9, 1991.

109. Selmanoff, M., Gregerson, K.A. Suckling-induced prolactin release is suppressed by naxolone and simulated by beta-endorphin. Neuroendocrinology. 42(3) ;255-9, 1986.

110. Sforzo, G.A., Opioids and exercise. An update. Sports Medicine. 7(2) :109-24, 1989

111. Sikdar, S.K., Oomura, Y. Selective inhibition of glucose-sensitive neurons in rat lateral hypothalamus by noxious stimuli and moephine. Journal of Neurophysiology. 53(1) : 17-31, 1985

112. Sirinek, LP., O,Dorisio, M.S. Modulation of immune function by intestinal neuropeptides. Acta Oncologica. 30(4) :509-17, 1991.

113. Slavo, D., Facchinetti, F., Barletta, C., Petraglia, F., Buzzetti, R., Monaco, M., Giovannini, C., Genazzani, R. Plasma beta- endorphin in response to oral glucose tolerants test in obese patients. Hormone & Metabolic Research. 19(5) :204-7, 1987

114. Smith, F.L., Welch, S.P., Dombrowski, D.S., Dewey, W.L. The role of endogenous opioids as mediators of the hypothermic effects of intrathecally administered calcium and calcitonin gene-related peptide in mice Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics. 266(3) : 1407-15, 1993

115. Stefano, G.B. Invertebrate and vertebrate neuroimmune and autoimmunoregulatory commonalties involving opioid peptides. Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology. 12(5) :357-66, 1992

116. Stein, C. Neuro-immune interactions in pain. Critical Care Medicine. 21(9 suppl) :357-8, 1993

117. Tepper, R., Neri, A., Kaufman, H., Schoenfeld, A., Ovadia, J. Menopausal hot flushes and plasma beta-endorphins. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 70(2) :150-2, 1987

118. Thompson, D.L., Weltman, J.Y., Rogol, A.D., Metzger, D.L., Veldhuis, J.D., Weltman, A. Cholinergic and opioid involvement in release of growth hormone during exercise and recovery. Journal of Applied Physiology. 75(2) : 870-8, 1993

119. Thompson, M.L., Miczek, K.A., Noda, K., Shuster, L., Kumar, N.S. Analgesia in defeated mice: evidence for mediation via central rather than pituitary or adrenal endogenous opioid peptides. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior. 29(3) ;451-6, 1988

120. Thornhill, J.A., Saunders, W.S. Thermoregulatory (core, surface and metabolic) responses of unrestrained rats to repeated POAH injections of beta-endorphin or adrenocorticotropin. Peptides. 5(4) :713-9, 1984

121. Tseng, L.F., Li, C.H. Beta- endorphin : hyperthrmia in mice by intravenous injection. International Lournal of Peptide & Protein Research. 15(5) :471-4, 1980

122. Van de Heijning, B.J., Koekkoek-Van den Herik, I., Maigret, C., Van Wimersma Greidanus, T.B. Pharmacological assessment of the site of action of opioids on the release of vasopressin and oxytonic in the rat. European Jurnal of Pharmacology. 197(2) : 175-80

123. Van Leeuwen, A.F., Evans, R.G., Ludbrook, J. Haemodynamic responses to acute blood loss : new roles for the heart, brain and endogenouse opioids. Anaesthesia & Intensve Care. 17(3) :312-9, 1989

124. Verhoeven, W.M., van Ree, J.M., Westenberg, H.G., Krul, J.M., Brouwer, G.J., Thijssen, J.H., de Praag, H.M., Ceulemans, D.L., Kahn, R.S. Clinical, biochemical, and hormonal aspects of treatment with Des-tyrl-gamma-endorphin in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. 11(4) :329-46, 1984

125. Vogt, T., Belluscio, D. Controversies in plastic surgery: Suction-assisted lipectomy (SAL) and the hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) protocol for obesity treatment. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. (3) :131-56, 1987.

126. Wang, H., Pappas, G.D. Adrenal medullary in the rat spinal cord reduce nociception in a chronic pain model. Pain. 42(1) : 69-79, 1990

127. Yashpal, K., Henry, J.L. Neural mediation of the cardiovascular responses to intrathecal administration of substance P in the rat: Slowing of the cardioacceleration by an adrenal opioid factor. Neuropeptides. 25(6) : 331-42, 1993

128. Yenehara, N., Imai, Y., Chen, J.Q., Takiuchi, S., Inoki, R. Influence of opioids on substance P release evoked by antidromic stimulation of primary afferent fibers in the hind instep of rats. Regulatory Peptides. 38(1) ; 13-22, 1992

129. Zhao, J.C., Liu, W.Q. Relationship between acupuncture-induced immunity and the regulation of central neurotransmitter system in rabbits--11. Effect of the endogenous opioid peptides on the regulation of acupuncture-induced immune reaction. Acupuncture & Electro- Therapeutics Research. 14(1) :1-7, 1989.

130. Zilberter, T.M., Loukianova, L.L. Physiological properties of regulatory peptides, Moscow, VINITI, 1991

131. Ziberter, T.M., Roman J. Reflexo-therapy with mechanical skin stimulation: pilot study. Alternative and complementary Therapies, in press (preprint is available upon request)

132. Zilberter, T.M., Titov, S.A., Loukianova, L.L. Cascade effects of regulatory peptides, Moscow, VINITI, 1989.

133. Zilberter, T.M. To breath or not to breath? Healself Network February 1997

134. Zilberter, T.M. Breathing and pH. Healself Network July 1997






|Home| |Meet Dr. Zilberter| |How it started| |The prototype| |Reflexo-therapy| |The bed of nails| |Self-acupuncture?| |Hypotheses| |Research overview| |Cases| |Research in the US| |Pilot study| |Theory| |Why Endorphins| |Endorphin effects| |Diseases connection| |Clinical Trials| |Medical conditions| |How to use| |Stress| |Pain| |Energy| |Impotence| |Weight loss| |Women's health| |Success Stories| |References| |Disclaimer|